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Are you in favor of higher taxes as part of a deficit reduction program?

According to reports from Congressional Budget Office, Pew Charitable Trusts, and the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities Bush tax cuts have contributed $2 trillion to the national debt and compose the largest component of the deficit going forward. According to these reports, allowing the Bush tax cuts to expire would be sufficient to stabilize the debt-to-GDP ratio.

A May 11th Reuters poll found 3/5ths of people surveyed to be in favor of tax hikes if they reduced the deficit. Are you in favor of letting Bush-era tax cuts expire if it means a significant reduction in the deficit?

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Dock David Treece
Investment Advisor, Market Strategist, Treece Investment Advisory Corp
Posted on May 17, 2011

Absolutely not. Raising taxes avoids the root issue that needs to be addressed: too much government spending. After the 2008 crisis, the US federal government quickly became our nation's largest employer as its spending ballooned out of control. Raising taxes might help eliminate the deficit, but it does nothing to encourage fiscal responsibility.

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Steve Weed
Steve Weed Replied on May 22, 2011

First of all, the questions is too general. If we understood how the well-being of many of our fellow citizens has changed, perhaps we would ask a different question.

But that is not what is being asked. We have narrowed it to tax policy with the idea this represents prosperity. There is group of taxpayers who pay a nominal income tax of 35% and an effective tax of 4%. Those people don't want to pay more taxes.

I don't blame them... I don't either. However my situation is different. I am self employed, I pay an effective tax rate of 24%. Most of us are like that.. middle class stiffs (er professionals) who don't have enough wealth or income to avoid taxes on most of our income.

And then we have some people paying a nominal income tax of 5% and an effective tax of 0%. No one talks about them.

So we should be asking "is your after tax cash flow enough?" Well what is enough anyway...kinda' subjective huh? So as a public policy, we ask "who has what they need to survive?" Those are the ones to whom we used to give preferences in our tax code.

For those who have the health, intelligence, education and other tools needed to thrive, why should we have this "entitlement" attitude? Did we earn our health? What about our mental faculties? Yeah I know we earned the money to buy our Hummer and other toys. Is that something to be thankful for?

It's all in the context. I will be thankful too when I can have an effective tax rate of 2%

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Bill Wood
Bill Wood Replied on July 1, 2011


And once all of the "rich" people have been taxed into oblivion, and corporations continue to flee to more business friendly climates, who will be rich then? And just WHERE will that tax revenue come from?

Those calling for taxes from the Animal Farm Pigs are simply looking to be "equalized" out of existence for the "Tax the Rich" pigs who are more equal than everyone else. Orwell had it right and we are watching it play out right in front of us.

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Bill Wood
Bill Wood Replied on July 1, 2011

Isn't the REAL QUESTION how big should the government be?

At what point is it too big? Currently the U.S. Government consumes more financial resources in ONE YEAR than OVER 100% of the 33 top Fortune 100 Companies GROSS revenue.

And, as a staggering sum, it consumes OVER 100% of ALL of the Fortune 1000 NET PROFIT every year.

========================

The real question is at what point is the government too big?

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Lynn Maria Thompson
President, Thompson Writing & Editing, Inc.
Posted on May 23, 2011

History has proven that cutting taxes actually increases revenues. JFK even figured that out, and did so himself when he was president. So it's not something that only Republicans can figure out. So no, I am not in favor of a tax increase to "reduce the deficit".

3 additional issues are raised by this question, though. The first is the idea that tax cuts could increase the deficit, a "FACT" stated by Randy. The root of this fallacy is the mistaken idea that there is a finite amount of wealth in the world, that everything is a zero-sum proposition; in order for one person to gain wealth, someone else has to lose it. The rise of America's middle class at a time when the wealthy were also gaining wealth disproves that. People who rose from the ranks of the impoverished and oppressed in other countries came to America because it was the land of opportunity. That was because in America, you could work hard and improve your station in life. These people weren't asking for handouts; all they wanted was an opportunity, one denied to them by most of the rest of the world. And as they gained wealth, an amazing thing happened. Americans became the most generous people on earth, donating more to charity than any other nation, helping others as never seen before, and always being among the first responders when disaster struck anywhere in the world. And not the American government, but individual Americans, made this happen. So increasing the wealth of some has lifted the standard of living for the entire world. Yes, there is still poverty, and yes there are still some nations in which people don't share a high standard of living. But you cannot deny that the world is a better place today because of Americans.

The second issue raised by this question is that of what should be taxed. Common wisdom is that you tax what you don't want, the vices; hence our taxes on items like cigarettes and liquor. Our current income tax system taxes people for achieving. It conveys the message that we don't encourage people to earn more, because they'll be penalized for it. Is this wise? I think not. I think our entire tax code needs to be examined to see if it can better motivate people to achieve. Currently, it increasingly encourages dependency on the government. There are those who want that, who hope to gain power by removing the opportunity for private-sector achievement and placing all hope in a large federal government. Our founding fathers referred to those people as statists, and Washington is filled with them now.

The third issue raised by this question is that of where wealth originates. It's not in the government sector. Only the private sector generates wealth. The attitude of statists is that all that wealth somehow belongs to the government, and that it's doing private citizens a favor by allowing them to keep any of it. But government has no revenue that it has not confiscated from private individuals. Government manufactures no products. The only jobs government can create bring with them the need to confiscate additional revenue from the private sector, where all wealth originates.

Those on the left love to rail on about "greedy" corporations. But corporations are nothing more than legal organizations...made up of individual people. If you have a 401K plan, an IRA, or a pension plan where you work, guess what: you're invested in corporations! If you have a job, you're trusting that the company employing you will generate enough profit to continue paying you, right? So you're in favor of profits. You say you're wealthy enough that you want the government to tax you more? Well, nothing's preventing you from writing a check to the IRS for as much money as you'd like to contribute. Just don't tell them to tax ME any more! I'd much rather determine where to donate my charitable dollars than to have someone else administer that for me, thank you.

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John Fallone
John Fallone Replied on May 23, 2011

Lynn, you have shared considerable wisdom on this topic!

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Bruce Hoag
Bruce Hoag Replied on May 23, 2011

Excellent answer!

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Nicole Fende
Nicole Fende Replied on July 8, 2011

You've covered all my points. Great post.

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David Kellerman
Cloud Solution Specialist, BizCom eCommunications
Posted on May 17, 2011

No, I'm not in favor of a tax hike. What I am in favor of is a flat tax and a consuption tax. Why shouldn't we all be taxed the same? If I make $1,000 or $1,000,000 we pay the same. Should I be penalized for prosperity? Also, should the government continue to subsidize home ownership when we are BROKE? I realize that I touched the sacred cow, but come on. We're broke! Besides, eliminating the IRS would create BILLIONS of additional revenue. Additionally, lowering the corporate tax rate would create a massive flow of money and business back into the United States. When I see John Chambers, CEO CISCO state on 60 Minutes that they have over 40 Billion in overseas accounts because of our excessive corporate tax rates I think, maybe there is a problem here.

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on May 17, 2011

You want a flat tax AND a consumption tax? I'm for one OR the other, but not both. In an ideal world, I'd prefer a consumption tax because it favors savings and investment and therefore economic growth, but my fear is that once instituted, the government would come back and then institute another income tax on top of that (much the way most states have done). Short of repealing the 16th Amendment, which gave the feds the right to create the income tax, I think I'd go for the flat income tax and no consumption tax in order to avoid getting both.

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David Kellerman
David Kellerman Replied on May 17, 2011

This is a great discussion, especially if you can do it without getting angry. Next weeks topic... Religion. (that's a joke)

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on May 17, 2011

Agreed. I notice that nobody so far is arguing for higher taxes. Interesting. :-)

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Dave Roberts
Vice President, Strategy, ServiceMesh, Inc.
Posted on May 17, 2011

Dock David Treece nails it.

Raising taxes is like buying a bottle of Jack Daniels for your alcoholic friend because he wakes up in the morning with a headache and needs something to make the pain go away.

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Steve Weed
Steve Weed Replied on May 22, 2011

What about our addicted friends who focus only on getting theirs? How many of you actually have access to the board rooms and believe that the CEOs of the multinational companies feel like they would "take one for the team?" Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones in my opinion.

I have no issues with cutting where it is needed in bureaucracy. As long as we also remember that we grossly misspend in many areas of our national budget.

And I also have an issue with other sacred cows. Why should we continue to build new weapons systems to match countries that are inevitably linked to our economic prosperity e.g. China? Do we really expect a missle defense system or a war on terror to be worth the investment when our black ops have always been the most effective on lunatic dictators?

Should we chat a minute about subsidies? Perhaps not.

We need to view all of this in light of the positive performance that does happen in government. Which of you thinks positively of your last experience in tech customer service? What about car shopping? Your doctor's office?

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on May 23, 2011

"What about our addicted friends who focus only on getting theirs?" To be honest, I'm not sure what this mean. The best I can tell, this is a variation of some loopy "CEOs are greedy and evil" message. Is that what you wanted to say, or did I miss it.

You'll get no issue from me about many cuts. I'll do you one better: How about we cut the government back to the 18 enumerated powers in Article I, section 8? That might not cut out the missile defense system (the feds have the power to fund the military), but it would catch ALL the subsidies and pretty much everything else. I'm not sure that I'd go for the missile defense system, but I do agree with you that the DoD budgets needs a thorough going through. I'm guessing we could cut 25% easily enough.

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Steve Weed
Steve Weed Replied on May 23, 2011

Dave- I appreciate your candor regarding the subsidies. And you did not miss the general tone of my comments on greed.

There are benevolent CEOs for sure. There are even some kind CEOs. But just like the corporations of the 1900s, many got their money for philanthropy by driving their employees into the ground. Carnegie was not always a kind person and dare I say many of our current billionaire philanthropists were not either.

I do disagree with the idea of going back to Article 1 as the only basis of our nation. As times change, our social contract needs to as well. I think the original motivation of our founders allowed for that.

I am purposely intending to be inflamatory with my next comment but take a minute to think about it.

It's not about "the constitution" per se. Before the patriots wrote it, they said things like "We must all hang together, or assuredly we shall all hang separately." (Ben Franklin) and "No taxation without representation". What they were saying is that King George had an unfair ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE. For the patriots and their families to "pursue happiness" they needed a level playing field ECONOMICALLY.

I know there were religious issues. But the freedom they were seeking primarily was tied to their ECONOMIC well-being, which still is often equated with happiness.

Their fight is not unlike the Teamsters or Farm Workers fights in recent history. Think about it. Does it matter if the ECONOMIC ENSLAVEMENT is by the government with taxation or by WalMart with wages?

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on May 23, 2011

A couple things:

1. CEOs are both benevolent and greedy. Workers (labor) are both benevolent and greedy. Politicians are both benevolent and greedy. (Notice a pattern here?) Everybody are both benevolent and greedy. Thinking that you can somehow regulate greed through force of law is foolish for a couple reasons. First, you'd have to identify and agree on exactly what constitutes greed versus healthy ambition, drive, determination, etc., all of which can look like greed. Secondly, you'd have to assume that whoever you put in control of policing such a system would themselves be virtuous. Marxism sought to put the workers in charge, through the Marxist state, all in the name of freeing them from the bourgeoisie. And those Marxist states then ended up killing millions of their own people.

2. The reason King George had an unfair economic advantage was because of British mercantilism. In the British system, the King constructed a system of crony capitalism and then enforced that through the rule of law. You merely want to replace King George with somebody else. But the result will be the same. See, for instance, what Obama has done with GM or GE. At the end of the day, companies of all sorts, not just "corporations," will seek to ingratiate themselves with anybody who has the power to eliminate their competition and enrich their pocketbooks. The solution is not to try to regulate all business, because you cannot regulate greed out of existence. The solution, rather, is to eliminate the power of the politicians to give them what they want. A bad corporation run by a greedy CEO is a problem, but at the end of the day that corporation has no force of law. I can choose to walk away. An all-powerful government, run by a bunch of greedy politicians is far worse because the government will jail you or kill you, all the while telling you it's for the common good. In reality, THIS is what the American revolution was fought over.

So, to answer your question: "Does it matter if the ECONOMIC ENSLAVEMENT is by the government with taxation or by WalMart with wages?"

Yes, it does matter. Nobody is forced to work for WalMart. You can choose another employer. If there are no other employers in the town, you can move to another town. If you have a contract with a corporation, you can sue to have it enforced. Escaping the federal government is far more difficult. You must ask another government to allow you to immigrate. You cannot sue a government and expect to a fair outcome; in certain cases, you simply cannot sue, period. Ask the Japanese who were put into internment camp in WWII. Ask the people sent to Hitler's gas chambers, Stalin's gulags, or the killing fields of Cambodia. All these things were done by *governments*, not corporations.

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Steve Weed
Steve Weed Replied on May 23, 2011

I agree with your major point. It does not matter who does the enslavement. That is my point exactly.

So if we simple focus on the evil politicians and ignore that in our system, big money has a disproportionate influence on politicians, we gravely oversimplify things. The only true way to do this is to have meaningful campaign reform. Our courts are going the wrong way with this.

ABOUT ENSLAVEMENT: For as many people who perished in the Gulags, there are just as many who labored in meat packing plants or chemical plants. Ah but they had a choice huh? Well I guess things have changed now and everyone is educated. Everyone gets good jobs if they "have the right stuff?"

But what about illness or injury or people who are not smart enough? Good public policy is not about "to the winner goes the spoils." Good policy is humane.

I worked at a company whose mail room was staffed by developmentally disabled adults. Great idea because even though some of the employees turned up their noses, it was a great policy. Those people had few choices in life and they felt better I am sure than staying all day in adult foster care.

Let's be practical. When you lack education and assets you have undesirable choices. And now if you want the middle class life you thought was your birthright, you work 60 hours a week. If you love what you do, it is a great choice.

I know many middle class families where the dad brings home the paycheck and wonders why he our system has to be that way.

I guess I have exhausted my time for this subject. No way to make you see anything but what you will see. But we all have the ability to see each other I think.

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on May 23, 2011

Did you miss the point where I said, "Yes, it does matter." Somehow you converted that to, "I agree with your major point. It does not matter who does the enslavement." That was truly Orwellian. Awesome!

With government limited to its proper role of enforcing contracts and protecting private property, corporations CANNOT enslave anybody. Corporations can only enslave when government, through its coercive powers, gives them license to do so. Short of that, everybody has choices. They may make bad choices and then wonder about the outcomes, but they are choices nonetheless. Bad choices are not slavery.

I mean, are you really comparing working in a meat packing plant of your own free will with being sent to a gulag? Really? Are those really equivalent in your mind? People who willingly take jobs offered for them are somehow equivalent to innocent people forced to work for gruel under threat of death? Really?

Is this what passes for intellectual, critical thinking these days?

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Steve Weed
Steve Weed Replied on May 23, 2011

OK. You win. You have the superior intellect.
I am not sure that anyone is listening to us anyway.

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on May 24, 2011

Steve:

1. I don't really care about "winning." These ideas are too important to squander them in petty back-and-forth on an online forum for the purpose of "winning." My purpose is not to prove my intellectual superiority for the sake of boosting my ego. Thus, I don't really care if people are listening or not. This is about Dave and Steve having a discussion.

2. My only point in engaging *you* is to try to get you to think critically. Honestly, you're regurgitating failed Marxist claptrap from the 1800s. Throw in few more references to the "bourgeoisie" and you could hang out with Engles over beers. But the ideas propagated by those folks ended up killing millions.

3. When you say things like working in a meat packing plant is equivalent to a gulag, I'm just flabbergasted. It isn't that I'm so heroically intelligent, it's merely that such a statement is so pathetically lame. If you really believe that, there's simply nowhere to go from there.

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Whitney  Hill
Whitney Hill Replied on July 8, 2011

Jack Daniels is kind...I would say more like moon shine distilled in a car radiator.

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No, the only modification to the tax code should be a flat tax, an equal percentage paid by all rich and poor.

Lets say it's 20% the poor pay 20% of very little, meaning they owe very little but they have skin in the game and even a small contribution creates and attitude of ownership and an expectation that those who took your money do not waste it.

When you pay nothing as most poor do then you don't care how much you waste.

Same for the middle, same for the rich. I don't care what the percentage it is, only that it is the same for all. Make a lot pay a lot but at an equal amount as a percentage of what you earned.

No write offs, no loop wholes, no special groups rich or poor, union or not, race, color, creed, or special interests. No one gets a pass, everyone contributes an equal share.

This would get rid of most of the IRS as well.

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Bruce Hoag
Bruce Hoag Replied on July 8, 2011

I disagree with the idea of a flat tax.

Let's say that you earn 10K per year, but your neighbor earns 30K per year. A 20% tax would leave you with 8K to live on, whereas your friend would have 24K to live on. There would have to be some recognition of the "poverty" line for this to work.

I support Mike Huckabee's agenda: create a consumption tax. Then all the retail junkies would pay the most, and those of us who prefer to save instead of spend would be rewarded.

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Michael Margolies
Michael Margolies Replied on July 8, 2011

Most flat tax plans account fro poverty level incomes but still require something, skin in the game and ownership of government. Some estimates say 49% of Americans pay no taxes at all, only consume resources and only 2% of that are the super rich.

I do agre with a mix of flat tax plus consumption tax so those who save are not penalized. Although the current administration has been discussing a tax on saving and unrealized capital gains which would punish those who save.

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Sean  Stickney
RN, Traveling Nurse, CrossCountry Travcorp
Posted on May 22, 2011

I am not opposed to taxes to pay for the needs of the community. But we have to get control of the government and give it back to the people. All we hear now are the two parties fighting over a piece of the pie and for an agenda that does not fit our needs. I have read the constitution and we are the people not them. The government needs to support their current employees but slow or stop all spending. Stop the conflicts and focus on our current problems.

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on May 23, 2011

While I otherwise agree with your answer, I get nervous when I hear things like "needs of the community" and "...does not fit our needs."

What are your needs, and why do you think I should be paying for them rather than just you? If you're talking about civil defense, I'm with you. Otherwise, it falls off pretty fast.

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Ryan Kovach
Sr. Partner, Noah Kate, Inc.
Posted on May 22, 2011

I find it amazing that the guy from Canada somehow thinks it's because they are taxed higher, that they live better. Maybe its because Canada, unlike the US doesn't spend trillions sending money to freaking Zimbabwe and every other nation on planet earth. They probably don't spend billions testing to see if frogs pee out of their butts either. The US government waste is staggering.

We could raise taxes to 100% and our government would figure out a way to study the affects of farts in an elevator. So give it up you "higher taxes" folks. Washington needs to tighten its belt and stop partying on our dime.

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Michael De Angelis
Michael De Angelis Replied on May 22, 2011

I'm pretty sure Canada gives away more foreign aid on a percentage basis than the US. Either way, I'm not sure what your point is. The vast majority of Government waste, fraud and overspending only happen with Republican administrations. Especially the military complex type of spending you are talking about.

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Ryan Kovach
Ryan Kovach Replied on May 22, 2011

So then you agree. They give away too much, especially for the military industrial complex. So they should cut all of that first before raising our taxes. Thanks for proving my point.

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Michael De Angelis
Michael De Angelis Replied on May 22, 2011

Stop spending money on R&D? How about defunding education, healthcare and social security too? Not a winning strategy for any kind of future.

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on May 23, 2011

Canada does not give away nearly as much military aid, however. While Canada does participate in various western military actions, Canada isn't the one paying for the Korean DMZ, or NATO, etc. I don't want to minimize either Canada's military support or its foreign aid, but you have to take the two together. No fair letting the USA subsidize your defense and then take credit for shifting your payments to other areas. Take the two as a whole.

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Ryan Kovach
Ryan Kovach Replied on May 23, 2011

Right Dave.. and if you don't have the money to spend, then yes, stop spending it. I don't care what it is you have to cut. And high deficits and soaring debt is no way to hand over a country to our children either.

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Nicholas Grimaldi
Nicholas Grimaldi Replied on May 24, 2011

Ryan thank you for stating the truth.

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John Fallone
CEO, Principal, Biz Dev. Marketing & Training Consultant, Traininguru
Posted on May 22, 2011

NO! Our deficit is not the result of too few taxes. Our government spends too much and wastes our hard earned money on failed programs including the "stimulus" package.

The government is like a ravenous beast...the more we are taxed, the more it spends. Even if all top wage earners were taxed to the highest levels in history, it would not bring in enough money to solve our woes.

The more money the government borrows , the more money it spends. Only serious spending cuts will solve this problem.

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Michael De Angelis
Michael De Angelis Replied on May 22, 2011

Then stop electing Republicans!

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Steve Weed
Steve Weed Replied on May 22, 2011

John
I am not in favor of "bail outs" or "stimulus" packages at all. However Ford and a few of the banks paid the US back..with interest.

Parts of the stimulus were poorly spent. We should have explored more public works programs. I suspect that many people would have learned how to run fiber cable or held a construction road sign. It is much preferred than competing with NCG for admin jobs.

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John Fallone
John Fallone Replied on May 23, 2011

Michael:

This is an issue that transcends party affiliation. For example, George W. Bush collaborated with Ted Kennedy and the country was given "No Child Left Behind" and Prescription Drugs for Seniors--both not truly funded!

We need to elect individuals who possess courage, integrity and are willing to tell the truth about our dire financial situation--and who champion fiscally responsible remedies.

In that context, utilizing class warfare, partisan politics and supporting tax, spend and borrowing strategies is disingenuous at best and ultimately will accelerate the most devastating financial collapse imaginable.

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Bob Gately
Owner, Gately Consulting
Posted on May 23, 2011

How much is enough? If so many people think they tax ought to pay more income taxes why do so few, if any, voluntarily contribute more taxes than they owe?

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Dock David Treece
Dock David Treece Replied on May 23, 2011

Amen, brother. Look at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and Warren Buffett and his Billionaire Pledge. If these folks think the tax code is unfair, they ought to be donating their wealth to the government, not to "philanthropic causes." Their mouths are saying government is the best distributor of wealth, but their wallets say the private sector does it better.

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Bob Gately
Bob Gately Replied on May 23, 2011

I too was struck by the audacity of the billionaires to saddle the less fortunate with higher taxes yet they are giving their wealth away to selected non-profits precisely to avoid giving their wealth to the government when they die. The message is clear; the billionaires do not trust the government to spend their wealth wisely. Well, I too feel the same way but I do not want to take from Peter to pay Paul.

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on May 23, 2011

Yes. The hypocrisy is staggering.

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Kevin Wood
Kevin Wood Replied on May 31, 2011

Let me see, Obama (whose reported income is FAR higher then Bush) says the rich do not pay enough in taxes? Really? Why aren't Mr Obama, Oprah and all his hollywood friends NOT paying more in taxes?
My sister and I grew up in the same household, both are college educated, yet I pay in the next to highest tax bracket, she pays at the lowest and gets most o it back. Yes supposedly I am getting over on the system somehow and NOT paying my 'fair share'?

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A little historical perspective is needed in understanding current federal spending levels. Right now, federal spending is 25 percent of GDP. As recently as 1995, federal spending was 17.5 percent of GDP. In 1950 it was 15 percent. And before the Great Depression, during which entitlement spending started, federal spending was actually below 5 percent of GDP.

There is, of course, the irrefutable point that lower tax rates, up to a point, will yield higher revenues for the government, but the question isn't what will yield the most revenue for the federal government. That was proven quite effectively during the Reagan years when the top marginal income tax rates were lowered to 27 percent but revenues increased significantly. Rather, there are two questions we should be asking ourselves:

1. What necessary services can a government entity deliver more effectively than other mechanisms (like charities and free enterprise)
2. Should the government spending be done at the federal, state, county, city or neighborhood levels?

There are many things that the government does, however well intentioned, that do more harm than good. Plus, there are things that the government does that are just plain wasteful. And there are many necessary things that free markets and charities can do much more effectively than government, especially if government didn't prohibit those institutions from flourishing.

The question of where spending should occur is the one that has really not gotten a lot of attention in the public discourse. Spending at the state and local levels has the advantage of creating competition between government entities. And competition tends to reward efficiency.

The Tenth Amendment to the US Constitution, of course, addressed this issue ("The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people"). But, over time, all three branches of the federal government have helped one another grab more and more power from the states and the people, mostly through the commerce clause but also under a variety of arguments, particular discrimination.

Before the Great Depression, aggregate state and local spending was slightly higher than federal spending. This made it possible for local spending (or the lack thereof) to have a much more meaningful impact on the lives of everyone.

Now, federal spending is significantly higher than aggregate state and local spending and therefore dissipates the potential economic benefits of variances in spending levels. Plus, the federal government has forced states to spend money.

And there has been very little real discussion in my lifetime on the benefits of neighborhood control over social spending. While neighborhoods lack economies of scale, there is a much higher level of accountability at that level because of the access we would all have we don't have with larger government entities. Plus, in theory, neighborhoods could always outsource services to effective private sector organizations that used economies to deliver things like utilities and park maintenance or schools.

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on May 23, 2011

Great answer. In addition to the Commerce Clause, the General Welfare clause. Much of the current ills of government started with Alexander Hamilton and the Federalists, very early after the ratification of the Constitution, agitating for more and more power. John Marshall, chief justice of the Supreme Court, was a follower of Hamilton and helped institute the idea of judicial review, which is actually not a Constitutional idea. After Marshall prepared the ground, the judiciary has been happily expanding government power every since.

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Dave Roberts
Vice President, Strategy, ServiceMesh, Inc.
Posted on May 17, 2011

Also, for the record, raising taxes would probably increase the deficit. "What?!?!" you shriek. "How can that be?"

Well, the first mistake is confusing top-end marginal tax rates with revenue generation. If you're interested in decreasing the deficit, you really care about revenue and spending, not tax rates. Tax rates are a indirect knob on the deficit. Further, top-end marginal tax rates really don't do much for revenue generation:
http://www.heritage.org/budgetchartbook/income-tax-receipts

But if you raise top-end marginal tax rates to punitive levels, people alter their behavior. They shift money overseas. They don't invest it because you'll just take most of it anyway, etc. All this has an effect of suppressing economic activity. That's why the numbers don't shift all that much. The "higher taxes = higher revenue" myth exists because people assume that those people getting their taxes raised will sit there and dutifully pay it, without changing behavior. That static analysis is simply wrong.

Now, historically, the government can generate revenue of about 18.2% of GDP. That level is the historical average going back many decades. Interestingly, that level doesn't shift all that much with the highest marginal tax rate. So, if you're going to close the budget gap, your goal needs to be to keep rates high enough to generate revenue at 18.2% of GDP (you can't have 0% top end tax rate, for instance), but low enough that the economy grows as fast as possible. Then, you need to set your spending at 18.2% of GDP and live within that limit.

In short, eliminating the deficit, and later the debt, is all a function of economic growth, not top-end marginal tax rates. Set the top-end tax rate too high and it's actually counter-productive. Whatever you gain from taxing one unlucky sod, you lose by other people changing their behavior which also suppresses GDP growth.

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Bruce Hoag
Work Psychologist & Business Coach, Dr Bruce Hoag
Posted on May 17, 2011

I concur with David. It's insanity to tax those who are rich just because they can afford to pay. Instead, we ought to reward them for their ability to make economy richer.

Naysayers - those who envy those who are less wealthy - need to focus on delivering more value. When they do that, they, too, will become richer.

When I witness spending, along the lines of the feeding frenzy so common in American stores, it seems all the more appropriate that those who thrive on retail therapy ought to pay for the privilege.

I, on the other hand, spend as little as I can get away with, and therefore my taxes ought to be less.

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Kevin Wood
Kevin Wood Replied on May 22, 2011

Good point. When someone like Obama claims the rich are not paying enough, why does no one challenge HIM (over 1 million last year) and ask why HE personally is not paying more to set the example????

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Steve Weed
Steve Weed Replied on May 23, 2011

Warren Buffet said publicly he would be happy to pay more. Where are the rest of the billionaires?

Do I understand you correctly? If you can pay people as little as possible, you should be able to do so. If you can make money with little regard for others, do it.

So here is a tidbit for the Clinton haters out there. Larry King asked Bill Clinton why he would risk his influence and reputation by having sex with an intern. His candid response was because he could. There were no barriers for a man with his power.

Is that what you believe?

Public policy should never be about "what you can do." It should be about what is sustainable and benefits the whole.

And how would any of you feel if you could not earn your own? What would happen if you were chronically ill? What about if you had a birth defect and could never perform in the workplace? What would have happen if you were not born #&*@ brilliant and your best option earned you $8.25 per hour?

I have a masters, run my own business and yet lost much of my retirement due to family health. I appreciate life more. Now I'm not saying you should get sick to appreciate life. But I am sayin'....

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Dave Roberts
Vice President, Strategy, ServiceMesh, Inc.
Posted on May 17, 2011

Randy: "I am astonished to see all these comments based on ideology..." Snort! Pot, meet kettle. BTW, I'm not a Republican apologist, so you'll be hard-pressed to get me to defend Republican's on anything indefensible. But your "facts" are pretty lame, mostly amounting to the vague ideological comments that you purport to be astonished to hear.

When you say that the crisis resulted from 8 years of Republican administrations and policies, which policies, exactly led to the 2008 crisis? Be specific. No fair blaming "Republican policies" and then not being able to actually cite any.

GW Bush did raise national debt to its highest percentage of GDP, primarily because of war-spending. But then Obama took over and made GW look like a tight-fisted miser. See this graphic, for instance:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/graphic/2009/03/21/GR20090321001...

Even according to the Wikipedia link that you cited, it says that Bush "only" racked up $2.63T (staggering) in new debt. But that was over 8 years. You realize, of course, that Obama has only been in power for 2 years and his increase to the debt tops $3T, right? So he's spending money at 4x the rate of GW.

Those are "FACTs," as you put it.

As for Bill Clinton's surplus, that was largely the result of presiding over a tech bubble economy and actually slowing spending because of a Republican congress. Hell, in 2000 alone, I paid more in taxes than 5 normal years, mostly the result of wild capital gains on the stock market. Bill's bubble burst in the summer of 2000, before the 2000 election and before Bush took office. The market slide was well under way. If Clinton would have held office one more year, he would not have run a surplus. As a result of that bubble bursting, the Fed took interest rates to near-zero, which in turn helped to create a housing bubble. That popped in 2008, in a similar fashion. Because the housing market is more broad-based than the tech market, it hit the economy harder, across all sectors.

In short, Clinton didn't do much to create his surplus. He was simply at the right place at the right time and got out before the "pop" could be pinned on him. Bush did run up a huge deficit of $2.63T over 8 years. Obama has run up more than $3T over 2 years. *Those* are "FACTs."

Hint: If you really want to look for a villan in USA economics, stop eyeing the Presidents of either party, people who actually don't control the economy very much at all, and instead look to the Fed, which creates artificial bubbles through interest rate and money supply manipulation.

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Bruce Hoag
Bruce Hoag Replied on May 17, 2011

Well said, Dave!

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Kevin Wood
Kevin Wood Replied on May 22, 2011

THANK YOU! for pointing out what a LOT of people conveniently forget. When GW took over here was a recession in place (I remember my 401 losing 1/3 of its value BEFORE the election. And the press crucified Bush over jobs (6% unemployment.) And how can someone say GW caused the problem with spending, then claim spending even more is the solution?
Spendiog on two wars? Remember, the Stock Exchange was at 15,000 and we had full employment (typically under 5% unemployment) WITH two wars. And if two wars 'caused' the problem, why are we now in Libya? (3 wars?) Seems the things that 'cause' the problems when Republicans are in are the solutions when Dems are in. . . Strange huh?

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No!
The tax 'cuts' increased revenue. The deficit was not increased because of the tax cuts, but rather the politicians scrambled to spend both the increased revenue AND more. The deficit was decreasing until 2007 when the Democrats took over both houses. Taxes are not the problem. Spending IS.

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Bob Gately
Owner, Gately Consulting
Posted on May 22, 2011

NO, and Dave Roberts offered the best reason why "NO" is the answer; "historically, the government can generate revenue of about 18.2% of GDP."

Candidate Obama proposed almost doubling the capital gains tax but when the interviewer told him that raising the capital gains tax does not increase revenue but, in fact, reduces revenue to the treasury Obama said, "... some things are the right things to do." Obama is not interested in limiting government spending, on the contrary he is intent on spending more, much more.

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on May 23, 2011

Thank you! :-)

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No! this is wrong

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If you interview the right group of people you will get the answer you want. That from a person that ran polls!

Know that increased taxes will be paid through the high income companies that will either cut expenses (read: fire people) to meet the new expense or raise prices (read: customers going elsewhere, causing lower sales, increased unemployment). These statements come not from politicans but from business people. Who cares what business people say, they are only out to make money. Lets put them out of business and send our dollars to china?????

To make a strong USA we must have strong business. Increasing their costs will not. When Nancy Pelocie said that no tax cut ever increased tax income she lied as the Kennedy one did as did all of the other 3 tax cuts, including the Bush one. Yes, yolu can say if we roll back the Bush cut we willl take in more money this month but in the following couple of years, tax revenue will fall greatly. Look at history, not what people say about it.

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Ryan Kovach
Sr. Partner, Noah Kate, Inc.
Posted on May 22, 2011

Really? You even have to ask this question? Hell no. Why should we pay for Washington's exploits? Enough already. They need to get disciplined, not count on us to bail them out of every party they throw.

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First: how did the US build such a big financial deficit? Understanding this, I find there is a lot of fat in the following departments: TSA, CIS, IRS, border control, police in general. Cutting these departments by half will give us better security and sense of humanity. Raising taxes will not help in the lower and middle classes. People earning more than $500,000 per annum from public corporations should be taxed higher: about 40% above the first first $500,000. Inappropriate distribution of wealth is one of the causes of why we are in this sad situation.

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on May 23, 2011

"Inappropriate distribution of wealth is one of the causes of why we are in this sad situation."

What does that mean, exactly? Honestly, it makes no sense to me. Tell me how the world would work if you were king for a day.

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A policy of tax hikes completely ignore the fact that it takes an expanding private sector to fund all of this madness. How about government cutting spending like any rational business organization would do? The problem here is that I used the word rational and government together. You can play all of the games with numbers you want, but the bottom line is that more money in the private means more "productive" investment, which means more GDP, which means more tax revenue.

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Andrew McKillop
Consultant / Author
Posted on May 23, 2011


The answer to this is being played out now by the default solution of mass street protests in a rising number of countries - now including Spain.
Governments and their corporate friends created the debt crisis, so they should admit this and do what is needed: resign.
New taxes are in fact a key part of IMF solutions, or so-called solutions imposed on debt strapped countries like Greece, Ireland, Portugal, the Baltic States, Iceland and in IMF advice to Spain. These are exactly the same so-called solutions which maintained the Third World debt crisis for about 15 years from 1985-2005 and did nothing for 75 percent of the people exposed to austerity + new taxes.

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on May 23, 2011

Unfortunately, resignation will not cut it. The problems are deeper than that. They are structural. Replace the current set of politicians and corporate cronies and you merely get another set that will spring up in their place, much like rows and rows of shark's teeth. If you're ever going to change things, you need structural change of the system. In the USA, the only way would be to return to a true Constitutional view of government, with only 18 enumerated powers and no more. In Europe, you're in for a much rougher road, because Europe doesn't even have the same idea of a limited government (even though the USA is apostate toward that idea).

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I am in favor of a plan that provides 1.5 dollar in budget cuts for every dollar in increased taxes.

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Fixes to our economy: yes... we should pay for what we demand from government... balance the budget. let tax cuts expire, end oil/military complex/political based war initiatives (political/religious death squads in Africa... we don't intervene there), get our people back to work... train them on new skills since we no longer need them to do jobs we can outsource to China and India for example... Who is we as it relates to training the unemployed/underemployed... one might make the companies that transition jobs to oversees responsible... but that would assume that there was a partnership between companies and employees... since that doesn't seem to be the case... is it the individual employees responsibility?? to have seen the transition coming and to have proactively invested in their own new position training?? Should a union have been responsible?? What different does it make to state blame/responsibility... the truth is here we are and it is just going to be getting worse if we do not have a reality check and address the problem... please nobody will be left to be able to purchase our Chinese goods... when the cycle completes itself... I thought we were a nation of proactive thinkers capable of doing anything e.g. go to the moon etc. My understanding is that our schools are failing to produce an educated public... let alone re-training displaced workers... best we and I underline the we take note and come up with a plan and execute it immediately to solve this problem...

And while you are at it... re-institute/enforce banking regulations to avoid bank fraud based mortgage failures, make lobbying illegal, guarantee individual rights by eliminating corporation rights in our courts... stop reinterpreting our Constitution to be Of the Corporations, By the Corporations and For The Corporations... e.g. Monsanto having ownership to all forms of soy beans...

Enough... frustrated and energized to find answers!!!!

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Those who think Congress created this problem... have there head in the sand. What we need to do is to look at Root Causes!!!!... not put band-aids on problems which seams to be the American way... our domestic spending on programs may have wastes... but lets look at the real causes... domestic spending was and continues to be part of our balanced budget prior to the new expenses we have committed our self to in terms of wars and bank failure (caused by bank fraud) spend like crazy on these items which are not part of our balanced budget... I marvel at how a general to state that the US has not achieved any political advantage for any war over the last 100 years other than WWII and that we continue to invest in unwinnable wars etc.
Again... look at root causes... stop blaming... and address fundamental problems.

I know we can do it... do we have the will?

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Bob Gately
Bob Gately Replied on May 23, 2011

Errol, if we do not understand who and what caused our problems we are doomed to repeat the problems. It was Barney Frank who opposed and stopped any new regulation to reign in the excesses at Fannie and Freddie which were the cause of the housing crisis. Barney Frank in a moment of frankness admitting to opposing and stopping any changes that were proposed by the Bush White House, 2001 to 2007, because he knew that whatever the White House proposed must be wrong because they are not Liberal Democrats. It was Frank's ideology that blinded him to the coming crisis. I find it quite remarkable that Glen Back saw it coming but Frank, the smartest representative in Congress, did not. Who is at fault? Frank and his accomplices in the House, the Senate and the media.

Does any one wonder why normally conservative bankers, i.e., risk averse, would make so many bad loans?

Who removed the risk?

Who told them to make the bad loans?

What was the leverage used to make them make bad loans?

Why, if it was illegal activity, is no one going to jail for their bad behaviors?

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Bill Wood
Bill Wood Replied on July 9, 2011

The ROOT CAUSE is a fat, bloated federal government that consumes 1 in 4 dollars of the ENTIRE U.S. ECONOMY every year. The Federal Government consumes 25% of the entire U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

The U.S. Government is the FILTHIEST of the filthy "rich" evil corporations. It consumes OVER 100% of the GROSS revenue of the top 33 Fortune 100 companies. It consumes OVER 100% of ALL of the profit of ALL of the FORTUNE 1,000 companies.

Our problem is a government that has become too big. It is completely out of control. It is like a fire burning up everything in its path. You don't pour gasoline on a fire (in the form of more taxes) and expect the fire to go out. That is crazy talk!

The goverment needs to go on a serious cost cutting and right sizing exercise FIRST and then talk about taxes.

I for one (and believe many others) would not be opposed to supporting a RIGHT sized government, which is limited in power and scope, and economically friendly with more taxes. But that is not what we have today. Fix the government FIRST and then talk to me about more taxes.

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on July 11, 2011

Well said, Bill. In addition to being the filthiest of the filthy rich corporations, it also operates through coercion. It doesn't really have to justify its spending or need. It simply votes itself whatever it wants and then forcibly confiscates it all. There is zero incentive to deliver anything of value to anybody.

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Bill Wood
Bill Wood Replied on July 11, 2011

Thanks Dave and one thing I forgot to mention... Whether the wars we have engaged in have been "justified" or not, that IS a proper constitutional function of the U.S. Federal Government. The Constitution explicitly calls out the Commander in Chief and provides for the raising of a standing military (army) in many ways.

All of this OTHER CRAP is centralized socialist planning that was never intended and not in the U.S. Constitution. The items the federal government has taken on are STATE's issues.

However (even though I believe it IS bloated) the first cuts one party ALWAYS calls for is to destroy the CONSTITUTIONAL department of government. The DoD / military, etc. Yet they shriek and howl at any talk of reigning in the out of control UN-Constitutional socialist crap!

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on July 11, 2011

Yup. I agree. We can argue about whether we should have used the military in a particular conflict, about how we decided to go to war, and whether we declared it correctly, but the military is one of the 18 enumerated powers on which it is undoubtedly constitutional to spend money.

Having said that, however, I do believe that the military budget can and should be looked at with far more scrutiny than it typically is. There are a lot of corporations sucking on that teet, and they don't all have the taxpayers or even the country's security interests at heart. All too often, we-the-country put the military budget on auto-pilot and we end up with a number of huge, technologically-complex weapon systems, many of which still don't work as advertised, that come in hugely over-budget, and are, in any case, designed to fight the last war, not the one that can be seen just over the horizon. Thus, I didn't really weep too much over the cancellation of the F-22, for instance. While Reagan developed a strategy to spend the Soviet Union into the toilet, that's not a strategy that we can repeat with a 4GW, asymmetric foe like Al Qaeda.

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Thomas  Sjolander
Director, PGS
Posted on May 23, 2011

Term limits! These crooks in government spend our money to keep themselves in power while the nation declines. Lower corp. tax rate, eliminate useless regulations that serve no purpose and only justify useless bureaucracies, give incentives to bring back manufacturing (where real wealth is created), stop allowing China to play by their rules and not by the ones set by the WTO, cut spending, freeze hiring at all government levels, reduce government workforce, eliminate unions especially government unions, regain our guts, balls and pride and stop worrying about what the media, UN, Europe, Muslims and China think about us.

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Bob Gately
Bob Gately Replied on May 23, 2011

Thomas, it is frightening what the radicals of the 1960s have spawned.

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Thomas  Sjolander
Thomas Sjolander Replied on May 23, 2011

Yup. Frightening is right. What is also frightening is the uninformed and misinformed people in America who also vote. Academia, media and the left are more dangerous than Islam and China.

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Thomas  Sjolander
Director, PGS
Posted on May 23, 2011

Fred,

If you were a millionaire, would you want to be taxed more even though your bracket already pays most of the taxes and 47% of the public don't pay any federal tax?

Sorry to say it but I think envy among many of the class warfare types is the reason they hate the rich and want to tax them to death.

The incentive to reach your potential and earn wealth are the incentives that allowed America to thrive. I'll never understand people who attack achievement and success.

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Ryan Kovach
Ryan Kovach Replied on May 23, 2011

Agreed!

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on July 11, 2011

It's always easier to spend other people's money. The idea that we *need* all this stuff, and that it can be a free transaction, where somebody else is morally obligated to pay the freight, makes it easy. If people actually had to pay their own way, you would find that they would get very sober and "selfish" right away.

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Bob Gately
Owner, Gately Consulting
Posted on May 23, 2011

Would someone please offer their ideas on how much the Federal, State, and local governments should take from the rich and the not so rich?

Who defines rich?

If you have more than me, does that make you rich?

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Michael Margolies
Michael Margolies Replied on May 23, 2011

Everyone who make more than the next guy is richer than him/her. The problem really comes down to over spending, unwise use of our funds, political uses of tax funds and a very large populous who has been educated into thinking the government and those who earn more and worked harder or wiser owe them and should take care of them regardless of wether they work heard or work at all.

It is not about taking care of our poor as AMerica's poor is among the richest in the world. 87% of those under the poverty line own a car, have cable or satellite TV, internet access, a cell phone, and all are eligible for food stamps, free healthcare (even without Obamacare) and countless federal and state aid programs.

We do not have a low taxation problem, we have an over spending wasteful government problem and a political groups who have spent decades educating people into doing less and being less responsible, thrifty, and hard working while training them to think like slaves and cattle, that someone else should provide for them and that no one should be allowed to succeed without giving some of it to those who do not work, are often lazy and selfish.

Yes help the worthy poor, help them find jobs, require them to work for government assistance, and require most to work their way out of the programs, not deeper into them. The more people working and self sustaining the more tax revenue the government will have to waste. The real answers are more work, more jobs, no free lunch, teach people to fish, require work in exchange for assistance, require a balanced budget, and require flat fair taxes.

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Bob Gately
Bob Gately Replied on May 23, 2011

Michael, thanks for the insightful comment.

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on May 23, 2011

Well, you know the answer that will actually come about, right? "Rich" will be defined as just the right amount of people to ensure that the "non-rich" will vote for the guy defining "rich."

In other words, there is no right answer, just a political answer that is the result of pandering to special-interest groups.

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Bob Gately
Bob Gately Replied on May 23, 2011

Thanks Dave, I think I agree. In 1976 I asked my brother-in-law, a UAW member, who he was going to vote for come election day, he replied "Jimmy Carter" and then I asked him why, he replied "because he is going to raise the taxes on the top half to make them pay their fair share." He was quite pleased with himself. I said, "But you and your working wife are in the top 50% so you want to raise your own taxes?" He was livid and denied that he was so rich. When I shared with him the annual salary of a family his size that is at the 50th percentile he said. "Where did you get that?" I replied, "the Boston Globe." He had no idea that he wanted to increase his own taxes.

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on May 23, 2011

Bob, that's a humorous story and it says a lot. The problem with "fair" is that it's a relative word. What's "fair?" Everybody has his own definition, and it basically amounts to the *other guy* paying more, because, you know, I already pay enough (whoever I am, however much I pay). Whenever I see the word "fair," I always demand that people quantify it. What, *EXACTLY*, is "fair?" At that point, people start blubbering, because that would force the person to identify exactly who "those unfair people" are. It's easier to get elected when you're hand-waving than when you're being specific because the politician can make everybody think he's demonizing the the other guy, who in turn thinks he's demonizing the first guy.

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Bob Gately
Owner, Gately Consulting
Posted on May 23, 2011

I see signs of the seven deadly sins whenever I read comments about tax the rich.

The following is from http://www.deadlysins.com/sins/index.htm

--------------
"Pride is excessive belief in one's own abilities, that interferes with the individual's recognition of the grace of God. It has been called the sin from which all others arise. Pride is also known as Vanity.

Envy is the desire for others' traits, status, abilities, or situation.

Gluttony is an inordinate desire to consume more than that which one requires.

Lust is an inordinate craving for the pleasures of the body.

Anger is manifested in the individual who spurns love and opts instead for fury. It is also known as Wrath.

Greed is the desire for material wealth or gain, ignoring the realm of the spiritual. It is also called Avarice or Covetousness.

Sloth is the avoidance of physical or spiritual work. "
---------------

Pride... politicians, activists, and true believers cannot see their own mistakes.

Envy... too many people want what others' have earned.

Gluttony... governments always want more.

Lust... it feels good to take from the rich.

Anger... some people are so filled with envy that they cannot help but be angry.

Greed... why work for it when you can take it from others.

Sloth... give it to me, I don't need to earn it.

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Ryan Kovach
Ryan Kovach Replied on May 23, 2011

excellent

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Progressives always talk about "the rich" and we all think of Bill Gates or some movie star. But rich quickly degenerates into people earning $200k. And once it's $200k, it will get further defined down to $100k.

The problem with this line of thinking is that everyone forgets that taxes effect behavior, one way or the other. If someone is making $150k and they know they will get a big tax increase if they make $200k, then they might decided that the extra work or the investment is not worth it. So you don't have as many people making as much money.

The other issue is that it presumes that more wealthy people are not paying what is fair. Right now, the top 1% of tax payers (in terms of income) pay nearly 40 percent of all income taxes. The top 5% pay nearly 60 percent of all taxes. Compare that to the bottom 50% of tax payers who pay less than 3% of total taxes.

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There is no way the government needs more money. We live in a centrally controlled economy now, that breeds corruption. We need to make a drastic 180 turn back to individual responsibility. If someone needs help beyond themselves, they should go to their immediate family for help. If that's not enough, go to their extended family, then to their neighbors, then to their church, then to other non-profits. The government should not be involved at all. Imagine how small the government budget would be if we did this.

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I see lots of good comments and lots of reasonable ideas. However, I do not want to pay more taxes and do not see it as a solution to our current dilemma. Stop drinking the poison people. Bush didn't get us here. The United States Congress did. Both legislative bodies. Both parties. Neither Dem nor Repub has the balls to fix the problem because they are beholding to special interests and see themselves as above the common citizen. The political class. When you can face that harsh reality then maybe we can focus on the national debt. If any of you ran your business like the government did, you would all be out of business. Stop it with the class envy, demagoguery, blame game, etc., and stop spending dollars you don't have. If you really want to get to the root cause of this problem, let's talk about Lyndon B Johnson and the great society. The snowball started down the hill way back then.

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on June 1, 2011

Agreed on almost all of it. In particular, thank you for stating what should be obvious: Congress has responsibility for passing a budget. The President has no authority to spend anything without the Congress first authorizing it. Presidents can ask for money, and they typically propose a budget to Congress before Congress produces the actual budget allocations, but they can't just whip out the check book and get us a deficit. Similarly, Congress sets levels of taxation, not the President. The only things the President can do are propose and cajole and then sign or veto the result.

One quibble would be when the snowball started. You'd have to actually pick FDR and the New Deal before LBJ and the Great Society. LBJ was simply an FDR wannabe, trying to complete some of the fantasy programs that FDR just hadn't gotten to yet. In reality, you can trace the snowball all the way back to Alexander Hamilton and his deeply flawed interpretation of the General Welfare clause, that, according to Hamilton and those who have followed him, allows the government to spend money on anything deemed (by the government) as being for the "general welfare." Somehow, in 1787, we had a limited government with 18 enumerated powers, and then by the 1930s we had suddenly morphed that into the modern welfare start, simply by reinterpreting the "general welfare" clause.

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Josh Nowack
Chief Numbers Guy, Nowack, An Accountancy Corporation
Posted on July 7, 2011

Hmmm - as I think about the answers posted, I'm going to be contrarian here - with a national debt of north of $13 trillion and annual revenue of about $2.5 trillion, we could cut EVERY single program and not spend a dime on ANY program and it would still take us over 5 years to balance out our budget. With 49% of Americans paying 0% / $0 tax - not a dime in income tax, I'm not quite sure how you achieve financial stability without raising taxes to some extent. Now, there's a philosophical debate that can be had on who should bare the burden and what is considered "fair" - knowing full well, NO ONE wants their taxes to go up.

But here's the question that I would love an answer to - in 2000, the Bush-era cuts were designed to "return the surplus" to the folks that put it there. In other words, times were good so let's lower taxes. We all did the happy dance in response. Now, times are tougher - tax revenues are down because Americans are making less money. Now the coffers are low - when do you raise the taxes? Yes, spending is up by almost a trillion dollars since 2008, but revenue is down by about half a trillion dollars in the same period. When, please, is the time where we face the music?

I assure you, there are is plenty of fat in every budget - yours, mine, the governments where we all could cut. But again, the government could effectively shut down EVERY single program and it would still be five long years before we see black again.

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Lynn Maria Thompson
Lynn Maria Thompson Replied on July 8, 2011

Perhaps it would take 5 years to get us out of debt, but you have to start somewhere. How about with eliminating the Department of Energy, which was created in 1977 by Jimmy Carter to reduce our dependence on foreign oil? It's now a huge, bloated bureaucracy, and we use more foreign oil now than ever before. Hasn't worked out too well, has it? There's $26.4 billion in savings, right there.

Ditto for the Department of Education; another of Carter's "gifts" to us. Although a smaller department than Energy, Education commands a budget of $69.9 billion, and all for a function that should be handled in the states and counties, not at the federal level.

Federal arts funding totals $2.5 billion. This is something quite controversial, and far from being opposed to art, I'm in favor of private funding for it. I've always heard that when you take money from the government, you're inviting government oversight into what you do. From that perspective, artists who want to express themselves without constraint should shun money that comes from the government, anyway.

So, when you put just those three things together, we've cut...let's see...$98.8 billion, out of the $3.82 trillion federal budget. Percentage-wise, it may not be a lot, but it's a start.

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Josh Nowack
Josh Nowack Replied on July 8, 2011

You're absolutely right - we do have to start somewhere - and to build on that - you'll pretty much need to go everywhere to resolve it. But taxes cannot be the white elephant in the room that no one addresses. That too has to be addressed, not just the spending pattern.

I can't speak to the efficacy of the organizations of which you speak. We can have quite a debate about it and have no further truth on the matter. I'll embellish the stat I have mentioned above - 49% of Americans pay no tax. That gets you to about the $50k household income level. So - to be clear 49% of Americans pay no tax and that number brings you to about $50k in household income. When you ask those same Americans that pay $0 tax where or not they feel they are taxed too high - just about half of them said yes. So to those Americans, paying $0 tax was too high. The other half said it's "just about right" [that they pay no tax].

My point here is that there's a huge portion of Americans that have no understanding about the taxes they pay, yet they listen to the sound bites that are broadcast on this and buy into the notion that they are paying too much tax when in fact, they don't pay a dime or perhaps even through credits get paid for being a citizen.

Yes, does the government have wasteful spending - again, I say yes. Are there programs that can be cut - yes. But there are some painful and unpopular decisions that need to be made in Washington and no one has the courage to make them. It's far too easy to say, cut spending and everything will be fine.

For Education, if you shifted it to the states, you do not remove the expense. You'd likely increase the expense as lenders now struggle to comply with 50 states' regulations instead of one with the cost of all passed onto the taxpayer. The strategy you cite merely takes it from us paying the IRS to the state/local authority.

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Lynn Maria Thompson
Lynn Maria Thompson Replied on July 8, 2011

But we're already paying state and local authorities for their own bureaucracies in education! Every state has its own department of education, and every county has its own school board organization. There is much duplication of effort in education, for just one student. Multiply that by millions of students, and you have a lot of waste that can be cut.

I've already cited statistics in this thread about the percentage of taxes paid by the highest wage-earners, and by the lowest. When you look at that, the "wealthy" are already paying way more than their "fair share" of taxes. So fleecing the very people in a position to invest in building our economy is certainly not the answer. I find it interesting that the very people now making excuses for the current administration's lack of results in turning around the economy are the same ones who were expecting immediate results from previous administrations whose politics differed from theirs. And I think the key is that the government is not where the solution lies.

Government's responsibility is to get out of the way and let people earn a living. Yes, there are certain things, like roads and courts, that the government has to underwrite through our tax dollars. But it doesn't need to be in the medical insurance industry. It doesn't need to be subsidizing certain private industries over others. Congress doesn't need to be investigating how certain sports operate. That's not what they're there for. The Founding Fathers never wanted the federal government to turn into the bloated bureaucracy it has become today, with career politicians making back-room deals to perpetuate their own power. Yet the American people have slowly accepted more and more government, taking advantage of the "free" services they now see as their entitlements. And with this current administration's Marxist roots and their desire to grow the size and power of the federal government, they'll have us looking more like the old Soviet Union than the Russia of today!

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on July 11, 2011

Josh, your numbers don't add up. Looking at the 2010 budget (2011 = 2010 because of continuing resolutions), it looks like "mandatory" spending is $2.173T. Revenues were estimated at $2.381T. So, you actually you could cut all discretionary spending and be balanced today. IMO, that seems like a win. ;-) My numbers were pulled from Wikipedia, here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_United_States_federal_budget

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Bill Wood
President, R3Now Consulting
Posted on July 8, 2011

There are WAYYYyyyyy too many federal government departments that should have their doors closed and the responsibilities moved back to the states. For example, the entire education department should be eliminated. Phase it out over a 5 or 10 year period while sending that portion of the phaseout revenue to the states to support their local education infrastructure. 10% or 20% each year to the states as the Fed department winds down and then completely eliminate that entire department and line item. It gives the states 5 - 10 years to right size and figure out how to resolve the educational issues with a small cushion. How many of the federal education officials are teaching kids? Virtually NONE of them!

Do the same for about 70% of the entire Federal government. Sell federal properties. Get out of the "federal" land management, etc. THEN, and ONLY then come back and talk to me about taxes. AFTER the government has gone on a diet.

Don't come tell me how I need to keep feeding a 450 pound obese person wine, steak, eggs, and mashed potatoes. Put them on a diet FIRST and then let's figure out how much they actually NEED to get fit. Talk of taxes before talk of putting a bloated, massive, all consuming government on a diet is crazy talk.

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Bill Wood
President, R3Now Consulting
Posted on July 9, 2011

Mr. Conley quotes a partisan quote about Bush "tax reductions" being responsible for 2 trillion in debt.

Interesting, under that premise guns and cars have a mind of their own and unilaterally decide to kill people.

=================

GOVERNMENT SPENDING is COMPLETELY responsible for the 2 Trillion dollars in debt. Giving people BACK what was theirs to begin with has nothing to do with it. An out of control government spending 1 in 4 dollars from the ENTIRE U.S. ECONOMY is responsible for the debt and deficits.

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Bruce Hoag
Work Psychologist & Business Coach, Dr Bruce Hoag
Posted on May 17, 2011

Not a bit. Congress needs to learn fiscal responsibility with the money it has been given already. Enabling them to dig a bigger hole so they have more dirt is not only dumb, but irresponsible.

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Michael De Angelis
Director of Operations, Card Processing Services
Posted on May 22, 2011

Fantastic answer Randy. I live in Quebec where we pay some of the highest taxes in the world. I also happen to believe it's got a higher standard of living for everyone who lives here, not just the ones who earn 6 figures plus. We have a fraction of the US population but we make it work on a better level.
I think it's unpatriotic for people to come up with all these tricky ideological answers (that have no historical success anywhere in the world) to avoid paying for their mistakes. It really is as simple as it sounds. Let the Bush tax cuts expire and pay for your country's, and your children's future with pride.

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on May 23, 2011

Or cut spending and keep taxes low, thus generating a fast-moving economy, which would also let us pay for our future with pride. Frankly, I find that a more honorable outcome than playing class warfare.

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Bush tax cuts... supposed to stimulate our economy... did at one level... those creating jobs sent them oversees... corporate profits have gone up... however the population at large is suffering... Based on world economy what the corporations have done makes perfect sense... the Chinese and India works are lower cost, lower wages, no OSHA, no employer healthcare costs etc. Our American employees cost too much... this situation has been looming in our future for several decades...

Taxing the rich and/or poor is not the issue... the issue is how to balance the budget... flat tax etc... and figure out how to improve the quality of life for all... people feel good and enjoy life when the have jobs and earn incomes... is there a We in our thinking or is there only Me? We have the problem! We need to team up to deal with the problem.

Again... keep drilling down to root causes... not look to blame!!

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Nicholas Grimaldi
General Manger, News paper publishing and direct mail
Posted on May 23, 2011
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No new taxes. One party claims we need to raise taxes on the wealthy, the other side counters with there is a spending issue. Giving the government access to more money is like giving an addict unlimited access to the drug of choice.

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I see lots of good comments and lots of reasonable ideas. However, I do not want to pay more taxes and do not see it as a solution to our current dilemma. Stop drinking the poison people. Bush didn't get us here. The United States Congress did. Both legislative bodies. Both parties. Neither Dem nor Repub has the balls to fix the problem because they are beholding to special interests and see themselves as above the common citizen. The political class. When you can face that harsh reality then maybe we can focus on the national debt. If any of you ran your business like the government did, you would all be out of business. Stop it with the class envy, demagoguery, blame game, etc., and stop spending dollars you don't have. If you really want to get to the root cause of this problem, let's talk about Lyndon B Johnson and the great society. The snowball started down the hill way back then.

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There are eight forms of waste. Until the goverment gets serious, like all the rest of the business world out here and starts controlling their wasteful habits, no taxes should be increased !

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Bill Wood
President, R3Now Consulting
Posted on July 1, 2011

Isn't the REAL QUESTION how big should the government be?

At what point is it too big? Currently the U.S. Government consumes more financial resources in ONE YEAR than OVER 100% of the 33 top Fortune 100 Companies GROSS revenue.

And, as a staggering sum, it consumes OVER 100% of ALL of the Fortune 1000 NET PROFIT every year.

========================

The real question is at what point is the government too big?

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I am sure there are others, but the two obvious ways to increase tax revenue are:
1) increase taxes
2) add more people to the payrolls who will pay taxes.

I personally think lowering the taxes and reducing the government red tape would go a long way to putting option #2 into play. Companies are not hiring and are sitting on enormous amounts of cash because they don't like the policies that are currently in place and are unsure of their cost burden that is coming down the line based on the new health care and many other laws.

An increase of taxes takes money out of the pockets of the small business owner, which is the sector that historically drives the majority of hiring in the US. I would say "NO", we should not raise taxes and should instead lower them.

Besides, this a spending, not a revenue issue.

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I am sure there are others, but the two obvious ways to increase tax revenue are:
1) increase taxes
2) add more people to the payrolls who will pay taxes.

I personally think lowering the taxes and reducing the government red tape would go a long way to putting option #2 into play. Companies are not hiring and are sitting on enormous amounts of cash because they don't like the policies that are currently in place and are unsure of their cost burden that is coming down the line based on the new health care and many other laws.

An increase of taxes takes money out of the pockets of the small business owner, which is the sector that historically drives the majority of hiring in the US. I would say "NO", we should not raise taxes and should instead lower them.

Besides, this a spending, not a revenue issue.

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Erik Conley
CEO and Founder, Conley Investment Group, Inc.
Posted on July 8, 2011
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I guess it's up to me to be the lone dissenting voice in this politically charged discussion. I am in favor of raising taxes as part of an effort to reduce our national debt. My reason can best be summed up by the following quote:

"According to reports from Congressional Budget Office, Pew Charitable Trusts, and the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities Bush tax cuts have contributed $2 trillion to the national debt and compose the largest component of the deficit going forward. According to these reports, allowing the Bush tax cuts to expire would be sufficient to stabilize the debt-to-GDP ratio."

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Whitney  Hill
Whitney Hill Replied on July 8, 2011

Sorry, I do not know of any point in history where raising taxes has bolstered an economy...you can't continue to increase real tax revenues from a dying host. You can continue to find new coffers to raid, but at some point you are going to run out of coffers. The social security fund is an IOU.

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Bill Wood
Bill Wood Replied on July 9, 2011

Mr. Conley, please lead by example. How about if you put YOUR money into the tax system without asking for it back. And while you are at it, how about taking everyone's money from your investment group and doing the same thing! Let's see how long your investment group lasts when YOU lead by example!

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Bill Wood
Bill Wood Replied on July 9, 2011

In other words, put your money where your mouth is!

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Erik Conley
Erik Conley Replied on July 9, 2011

Actually, Bill, I am putting my money where my mouth is. I invest 20% of my profits back into my local community by sponsoring and teaching financial literacy outreach programs.

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Bill Wood
Bill Wood Replied on July 9, 2011

Erik, you completely dodged the issue, why aren't you paying more in TAXES? And if you really believe the government is so great at spending your money why do you invest a penny in your local community? Why not give it to the government and let them do it? Or is it just OTHER people's money you want taken in taxes?

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Erik Conley
Erik Conley Replied on July 9, 2011

Did I say that I believe the government is great at spending my money? I think you're putting words in my mouth. I haven't done anything to provoke you, Bill, so why are you attacking me? It sounds like you might have anger issues.

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Bill Wood
Bill Wood Replied on July 10, 2011

First Erik, you still dodged the issue of why YOU are not personally paying more taxes (voluntarily) since you support increasing taxes. Or, is it just increasing other's taxes?

Second, why would you advocate raising taxes unless you believed the government could do better? Isn't that disingenuous? At the very least it is incongruous with the position you support.

Third as for anger? Yes, I use all caps for emphasis, and am certainly passionate about this topic, but angry? Hmmm... I wonder what you would say about the Founders in Boston at the Boston Tea Party? Hmmm... they went several steps further with their tax protest. And "angry," care to describe your opinion of the founding fathers who supported, and then prosecuted a Revolutionary War? I can't imagine how "angry" you would consider them.

I'm back to my original premise, since you support additional taxes, how about leading by example and giving what YOU make away to the government. Then when YOU are broke from voluntarily supporting your position then come back and tell me you support more taxes. Until then, well, you decide what you are.

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Bruce Hoag
Work Psychologist & Business Coach, Dr Bruce Hoag
Posted on July 8, 2011
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I just posted this on Twitter:

Washington Zoo: Congress = House of Invertebrates; White House = Reptile House; Supreme Court = House of Papio.

I should have said as well that the voters were the ones who paid admission to just watch.

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Scott Albro
Scott Albro Replied on July 8, 2011

Voters didn't pay admission - they built the zoo. We get the government we deserve.

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Bob Gately
Bob Gately Replied on July 9, 2011

Scott, "We get the government we deserve," is so true. I'm hoping that the independent voters who voted for "hope and change" now realize that what they thought was "hope and change" is not what the president had in mind when he promised "hope and change." According to realclearpolitics.com the "right track - wrong track" numbers are as follows.

July 7, 2011
Right Track = 28.7%
Wrong Track = 63.3%

June 12, 2009
Right Track = 45.8%
Wrong Track = 45.8%

November 1, 2008 (data from http://www.pollingreport.com/right.htm)
Right Track = 11%
Wrong Track = 85%

Obama has plenty of time to lower the right track and raise the wrong track data to surpass the data from 2008.

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Bob Gately
Bob Gately Replied on Aug. 19, 2011

Update:

August 14, 2011 (data from http://www.pollingreport.com/right.htm)
Right Track = 11%
Wrong Track = 88%

October 12, 2008 (data from http://www.pollingreport.com/right.htm)
Right Track = 7%
Wrong Track = 91%

Obama has plenty of time to lower the right track and raise the wrong track data to surpass the data from 2008.

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Wayne Spivak
President, SBA * Consulting LTD
Posted on July 9, 2011
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I find this question and the answers fascinating. No wonder our country can't solve its problem(s) - no one agrees.

No one wants to take any "hit", be it directly in the pocket book (higher taxes) or in services (decreasing) or entitlements (what an ugly word that has caused more deficit, non-productive thinking and perpetual in-activity).

How bout changing the thought pattern and looking at the issue as instead of the country, of a very shrewdly run company where NOTHING is sacrosanct. All revenue streams and expense lines are on the chopping block, including top leadership.

What would your answers be?

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on July 11, 2011

Ummm... when has everybody in the country *ever* agreed? I'm pretty sure you can go all the way back to 1776 and not find a point where everybody agreed. Pointing at a lack of agreement as being a stumbling block is non-sensical.

You say that "no one wants to take any 'hit.'" That's true, but you suggest it's merely people being selfish. In my case, at least, I assure you that it isn't. Raising taxes further, in my mind, is reprehensible for at least two reasons:

(1) First, it simply wouldn't work. If your goal is to develop a strong economy, you can't do that with high tax rates. That's just a fact. If high taxes were the path to economic prosperity, we'd just raise them to 100% on the whole population and be done with it. Other countries have effectively done this (it's called communism), and the results weren't pretty. We could have a whole discussion here about the Laffer Curve, etc., but basically all that boils down to is a fundamental disagreement that it would really *solve* anything.

(2) Secondly, taxes are morally reprehensible. Taxes are the forceful coercion to make people pay for things they wouldn't willingly pay for themselves. When that's done for 100% of someone's income, we'd call that slavery. When it's done for something less than 100%, we try to whitewash it by calling it "shared sacrifice" or some such nonsense. The reality is, it's involuntary servitude to the state. We need to minimize that as much as possible (dare I hope for complete elimination of the income tax?).

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Bob Gately
Bob Gately Replied on Sept. 18, 2011

Whitney, is it fair to use his own words against him? Yes it is, but I thought I had to ask.

It is now nine weeks later, September 18, 2011, does anyone see any sign that Obama knows what he is doing?

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Bob Gately
Bob Gately Replied on Oct. 26, 2011

It is now October 26, 2011 does anyone see any sign that Obama knows what he is doing?

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Let the NO TAXES for the rich expire. Let them pay their fair share and lower the taxes a bit for the middle class. I hear oh if you raise the taxes for the rich they'll take their business out of the country, well guess what....they already have. They have found a gold mine having their businesses in other countries because they don't have to pay the wages they would here and as well don't give the people any benefits. Sorry excuse to try and make the middle class suffer while the rich get richer. OR a better way to lower the deficit is to confiscate all of Bush and Cheney's assets and pay off the deficit.

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Bruce Hoag
Bruce Hoag Replied on May 22, 2011

Do you know why companies have offshored their businesses? It's because Americans have forced them to. Don't believe me? When was the last time you decided to pay two or three times the price for an item because it was made in the States (if that's possible) rather than going for the less expensive item that was of apparently the same quality?

I can remember as a teenager that US society as a whole had already shifted to buying goods that were less expensive than the home-grown versions. In the end, it was simply economics: If you wanted to stay in business, you offshored the most expensive part of your supply chain. If Americans had decided then not to patronize the business practices, then it wouldn't be an issue today.

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on May 23, 2011

Del, what, exactly, is the "fair share" for rich, middle class, and poor? Why (defend your answer)? Be specific. Anything else is just a uneducated rant based on class warfare, on par with Karl Marx in the Communist Manifesto.

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Read Paul Krugman!!

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on May 23, 2011

Ha! The same Krugman who's main message is, "Nevermind that it isn't working. That's just because we haven't spent enough!" Thanks, I'll pass.

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yes

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Realistically, that is like asking if water should be a part of a fire fighting program. The key here is "part of". It is the debt that is choking this country. To get this back under some semblance of control, we have to increase taxes as well as id massive spending cuts to drive down the deficit. Then, we have to introduce even more spending cuts to apply towards reducing the debt. There are no easy or quick fixes to this decades long, bi-partisan issue our voted officials have put us in. It will take any and all means to ensure that our children and grand-children have a country that is worthy of being called America to raise their families in.

I certainly agree that part of the massive cuts includes government employee reductions. The private sector has been forced to do this in droves, as we all know. There should be no exclusions for the public sector. Nothing should be sacred, except for SS and Medicare/Medicaid, imho. All else should be subject to cuts.

This is urgent. We have no tomorrows left. Any candidate that is not speaking in such terms does not deserve anyone's vote from either "side".

Thanks for asking! :-)

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I am astonished to see all these comments based on ideology, rather than historical performance and cold, hard facts. The facts are:
- The 2008 crisis David mentioned was a result of 8 years of Republican administration and policies. The resulting recovery program, was in fact initiated by the Bush administration before Obama took office.
- The spending we are now doing is in large part to pay for those mistakes.
- the FACT is that GW Bush raised the national debt to a higher percentage of GDP than any president since WWII, after having taken over from a Democratic administration that was running a surplus.
- Look at some data on historical performance of Debt by administration:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_debt_by_U.S._presidential_terms
Those who care to look at FACTs rather than opinion, will see a remarkable correlation between Republicans raising the debt (i.e. taxing their children instead of themselves), and Democrats lowering it (pay as you go- as any responsible adult knows you need to do).

Now, arguing about "responsibility" and so forth is just a bunch of low-level noise and sound-byte jingoism; the historical performance shows who actually has the policies that reduce the deficit.

And, for the record, I'm in a high tax bracket, and I spent 10 years living in one of those "socialized" countries, where my net/net taxes (dollars paid per made at filing, not marginal rates), was actually slightly lower (US citizens file taxes in both countries, so it is easy to compare [I had to pay Uncle Sam the difference]), and the services delivered were much higher. It takes realism (facing facts) and hard work, not 30-second sound bytes of meaningless feel-good philosophy, to handle real-world economics. I will base my decisions on historically proven cause-and-effect rather than some philosophical hypothetical any day.

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Bruce Hoag
Bruce Hoag Replied on May 17, 2011

Randy,

I'm equally astonished at your partisanship. The national debt began in the 18th century by Alexander Hamilton, who was a Federalist (neither Republican nor Democrat), and there's been one ever since (see http://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2008/09/18/past-present-alexander-hami...).

It's true that some presidents have raised the debt ceiling, but I don't recall any of them (Democrats included) lowering it. The Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act in the 1980s was supposed to insure that the budget balanced every year; but that didn't last very long. There were always exceptions

When it comes to balancing the budget, it's the Congress that votes on it; not me or you.

I'm embarrassed to be an American citizen. The Congress is elected to do just one thing, and that's to represent its constituents. How does it do that? By spending tax dollars om programs that will help them. Yet, here we are, almost nine months into the new fiscal year, and our so-called elected representatives can't even do that right. A Continuing Resolution is nothing more than a Promissory Note.

The unfortunate thing is that even the voters can't do much about their shenanigans. All of them ought to be given a pink slip (see Time to Give Congress the Pink Slip - http://www.p-advantage.com/Blog/page/2), with no golden handshake and no benefits.

Let them live on unemployment for a few weeks.

The historical fact is that the Congress, on the whole, are a bunch of invertebrates. It's time someone told them.

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David Michaels
David Michaels Replied on July 1, 2011

Bruce Hoag for President!!

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Yes

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Dr. Fred (DocFred) Simkovsky
OD/Talent Mgt/Learning/Master Coach, LifeCareerBusinessCoach.com
Posted on May 23, 2011

Yes for the millionaires.

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Dave Roberts
Dave Roberts Replied on May 24, 2011

Why set the line at millionaires?

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Bob Gately
Owner, Gately Consulting
Posted on May 23, 2011

David, please, the US Constitution was written by a bunch of slave owning white men. Wait, let me think about this ..... they wrote the Constitution so that slavery could be abolished at a later time. Never mind, your analysis is excellent.

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Michael Margolies
Michael Margolies Replied on May 23, 2011

Very few of the signers owned slaves. Learn some history before you try and use it to defend your arguments.

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Bob Gately
Bob Gately Replied on May 23, 2011

I wasn't using it to defend anything but I was making fun of those who say such things. Sorry you missed that.

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